Black Pepper

Black pepper belongs to the Piperaceae family and is native to all the tropic areas worldwide. Its oil promotes circulation, stimulates the circulation and has detoxifying effects. Black pepper is also known to be antiseptic, antibacterial and antiviral. It has anticonvulsant properties and thus is suitable to use for muscle pain.
In aromatherapy, black pepper has aphrodisiac properties and promotes concentration. It also helps alleviate fear, fatigue, spiritual emptiness and dreariness and imparts courage, optimism and confidence.

see. Markus Schirner 2002 "aroma oils" Schirner Verlag, Darmstadt, 4th edition 2011